HSPF model is developed on the basis of Stanford hydrological model. As an excellent representative of semi distributed hydrological and water quality model, HSPF model can comprehensively simulate the process of river hydraulics, watershed runoff, soil loss, pollutant migration and so on, so it is widely used in the study of watershed hydrology and water environment.
At the end of 1970s, EPA found that the method of model simulation was of great value in solving complex water resources problems. Therefore, they developed a more complex FORTRAN program based on SWM model, which included the functions of HSP (1977), arm (1978) and NPs (1979), and then expanded to form HSPF model. From 1980s to 1990s, the products of USGS, such as Annie, WDM and hspexp, greatly promoted and simplified the application of watershed model. After continuous development and improvement, the model has been able to provide a variety of sediment chemical action models, and combined with hydrodynamic equation to realize the comprehensive simulation of surface runoff and soil flow process and their migration and transformation of sediment and various pollutants.
HSPF model is a comprehensive hydrological model with both distributed and centralized hydrological models. Compared with SWAT model which divides the simulation process into land surface runoff generation stage and confluence stage, HSPF model divides the hydrological and water quality simulation into three modules:
(1) Pervious surface hydrological and water quality process simulation (PERLND), which is mainly used in the basin, including surface runoff, soil flow and underground seepage The first mock exam is city water and sediment, pollutant and organic matter migration and transformation process;
(2) Simulation of hydrological and water quality process of impervious surface(IM-PLND), which is mainly used in the interface with little or no penetration, and the difference between the former and the former is that it does not depend on the accumulation and migration of water and sediment, and it can carry out the process of solid particle accumulation and relocation in the city.
(3) River and reservoir hydrological and water quality simulation (RCHRES) is suitable for the simulation of single open river reach, closed canal system or lake, reservoir and other water bodies. Due to the complexity and large scale of the model system, many sub modules are attached to the above three modules. Under the integration of a series of modules, the continuous simulation of the load, migration and transformation of runoff, sediment and water temperature, as well as pollutants such as biochemical oxygen demand, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus are realized.
[1]刘友存,邹杰平,尹小玲,陈明,曾金凤,乔丽潘古丽·吐尔洪.HSPF模型在流域水文与水环境研究中的进展[J/OL].冰川冻土:1-8[2020-12-23]
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