A spatially explicit model of coastal barrier evolution. Barrier3D is an exploratory model that resolves cross-shore and alongshore topographic variations to simulate the morphological evolution of a barrier segment over time scales of years to centuries. Barrier3D tackles the scale separation between event-based and long-term models by explicitly yet efficiently simulating dune evolution, storm overwash, and a dynamically evolving shoreface in response to individual storm events and sea-level rise. Ecological-geomorphological couplings of the barrier interior can be simulated with a shrub expansion and mortality module.
Barrier3D is an exploratory model (Murray, 2003, 2013) that resolves cross-shore and alongshore topographic variations to simulate the morphological evolution of a barrier segment over time scales of years to centuries. The model operates with a 1-year time step over a 10-by-10 m grid. The barrier segment consists of one or more alongshore rows of dune cells at the front (ocean side) of the grid, backed by an interior domain with a predetermined constant alongshore length and dynamically changing cross-shore width (Figure 1b). As explained below, dune and interior cells follow different sets of rules. Due to the complexities in mode- ling beach morphodynamics, and to focus on dune-storm interactions, Barrier3D does not simulate beach evolution and instead assumes invariant beach width and slope. Explanations of previously developed for- mulations and additional details not critical for understanding the fundamental workings of the model or its results are provided in the supporting information (Text S1) for completeness.
For principles and details on the Barrier3D model, see the literature: "Dune Dynamics Drive Discontinuous Barrier Retreat".
A spatially explicit model of coastal barrier evolution. Barrier3D is an exploratory model that resolves cross-shore and alongshore topographic variations to simulate the morphological evolution of a barrier segment over time scales of years to centuries. Barrier3D tackles the scale separation between event-based and long-term models by explicitly yet efficiently simulating dune evolution, storm overwash, and a dynamically evolving shoreface in response to individual storm events and sea-level rise. Ecological-geomorphological couplings of the barrier interior can be simulated with a shrub expansion and mortality module.
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