## Empirical Bayesian Kriging

Empirical Bayesian Kriging is an interpolation method that accounts for the error in estimating the underlying semivariogram through repeated simulations.

Interpolation

true

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Method-focused categoriesData-perspectiveGeoinformation analysis

#### Detailed Description

English {{currentDetailLanguage}} English

## Summary

Empirical Bayesian kriging is an interpolation method that accounts for the error in estimating the underlying semivariogram through repeated simulations.

## Usage

• This kriging method can handle moderately nonstationary input data.

• Only Standard Circular and Smooth Circular Search neighborhoods are allowed for this interpolation method.

• A Smooth Circular Search neighborhood will substantially increase the execution time.

• The larger the Maximum number of points in each local model and Local model overlap factor values, the longer the execution time. Applying a Data transformation will also significantly increase execution time.

• To avoid running out of memory, the software may limit the number of CPU cores that can be used for parallel processing. The maximum number of cores that can be used will be determined based on the subset size, the semivariogram model type, the operating system of your computer, and whether the tool is run with 32-bit or 64-bit processing. By installing the Background Geoprocessing (64-bit) product and enabling background geoprocessing, you may be able to successfully run the tool.

## Syntax

EmpiricalBayesianKriging_ga (in_features, z_field, {out_ga_layer}, {out_raster}, {cell_size}, {transformation_type}, {max_local_points}, {overlap_factor}, {number_semivariograms}, {search_neighborhood}, {output_type}, {quantile_value}, {threshold_type}, {probability_threshold}, {semivariogram_model_type})
 Parameter Explanation Data Type in_features The input point features containing the z-values to be interpolated. Feature Layer z_field Field that holds a height or magnitude value for each point. This can be a numeric field or the Shape field if the input features contain z-values or m-values. Field out_ga_layer (Optional) The geostatistical layer produced. This layer is required output only if no output raster is requested. Geostatistical Layer out_raster (Optional) The output raster. This raster is required output only if no output geostatistical layer is requested. Raster Dataset cell_size (Optional) The cell size at which the output raster will be created. This value can be explicitly set under Raster Analysis from the Environment Settings. If not set, it is the shorter of the width or the height of the extent of the input point features, in the input spatial reference, divided by 250. Analysis Cell Size transformation_type (Optional) Type of transformation to be applied to the input data. NONE — Do not apply any transformation. This is the default. EMPIRICAL —Multiplicative Skewing transformation with Empirical base function. LOGEMPIRICAL —Multiplicative Skewing transformation with Log Empirical base function. All data values must be positive. String max_local_points (Optional) The input data will automatically be divided into groups that do not have more than this number of points. Long overlap_factor (Optional) A factor representing the degree of overlap between local models (also called subsets). Each input point can fall into several subsets, and the overlap factor specifies the average number of subsets that each point will fall into. A high value of the overlap factor makes the output surface smoother, but it also increases processing time. Typical values vary between 0.01 and 5. Double number_semivariograms (Optional) The number of simulated semivariograms. Long search_neighborhood (Optional) Defines which surrounding points will be used to control the output. Standard is the default. This is a Search Neighborhood class SearchNeighborhoodStandardCircular and SearchNeighborhoodSmoothCircular. StandardCircular Radius—The length of the radius of the search circle. Angle—The angle of rotation for the axis (circle) or semimajor axis (ellipse) of the moving window. Maximum neighbors—The maximum number of neighbors that will be used to estimate the value at the unknown location. Minimum neighbors—The minimum number of neighbors that will be used to estimate the value at the unknown location. Sector type—The geometry of the neighborhood. One sector—Single ellipse. Four sectors—Ellipse divided into four sectors. Four sectors shifted—Ellipse divided into four sectors and shifted 45 degrees. Eight sectors—Ellipse divided into eight sectors. SmoothCircular Radius—The length of the radius of the search circle. Smoothing factor—The Smooth Interpolation option creates an outer ellipse and an inner ellipse at a distance equal to the Major Semiaxis multiplied by the Smoothing factor. The points that fall outside the smallest ellipse but inside the largest ellipse are weighted using a sigmoidal function with a value between zero and one. Geostatistical Search Neighborhood output_type (Optional) Surface type to store the interpolation results. PREDICTION —Prediction surfaces are produced from the interpolated values. PREDICTION_STANDARD_ERROR — Standard Error surfaces are produced from the standard errors of the interpolated values. PROBABILITY —Probability surface of values exceeding or not exceeding a certain threshold. QUANTILE —Quantile surface depicting the chance that a prediction is above a certain value. String quantile_value (Optional) The quantile value for which the output raster will be generated. Double threshold_type (Optional) Determines whether the probability values exceed the threshold value or not. EXCEED —Probability values exceed the threshold. This is the default. NOT_ EXCEED — Probability values will not exceed the threshold. String probability_threshold (Optional) The probability threshold value. If left empty, the median of the input data will be used. Double semivariogram_model_type (Optional) The semivariogram model that will be used for the interpolation. The available choices depend on the value of the transformation_type parameter. If the transformation type is set to NONE, the following semivariograms are available: POWER LINEAR THIN_PLATE_SPLINE   If set to EMPIRICAL or LOGEMPIRICAL, the following semivariograms are available: EXPONENTIAL EXPONENTIAL_DETRENDED WHITTLE WHITTLE_DETRENDED K_BESSEL K_BESSEL_DETRENDED String

## Code Sample

EmpiricalBayesianKriging example 1 (Python window)

Interpolate a series of point features onto a raster.

import arcpy
arcpy.EmpiricalBayesianKriging_ga("ca_ozone_pts", "OZONE", "outEBK", "C:/gapyexamples/output/ebkout",
10000, "NONE", 50, 0.5, 100,
arcpy.SearchNeighborhoodStandardCircular(300000, 0, 15, 10, "ONE_SECTOR"),
"PREDICTION", "", "", "", "LINEAR")

EmpiricalBayesianKriging example 2 (stand-alone script)

Interpolate a series of point features onto a raster.

# Name: EmpiricalBayesianKriging_Example_02.py
# Description: Bayesian kriging approach whereby many models created around the
#   semivariogram model estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood algorithm is used.
# Requirements: Geostatistical Analyst Extension
# Author: Esri

# Import system modules
import arcpy

# Set environment settings
arcpy.env.workspace = "C:/gapyexamples/data"

# Set local variables
inPointFeatures = "ca_ozone_pts.shp"
zField = "ozone"
outLayer = "outEBK"
outRaster = "C:/gapyexamples/output/ebkout"
cellSize = 10000.0
transformation = "EMPIRICAL"
maxLocalPoints = 50
overlapFactor = 0.5
numberSemivariograms = 100
# Set variables for search neighborhood
smooth = 0.6
outputType = "PREDICTION"
quantileValue = ""
thresholdType = ""
probabilityThreshold = ""
semivariogram = "K_BESSEL"
# Check out the ArcGIS Geostatistical Analyst extension license
arcpy.CheckOutExtension("GeoStats")

# Execute EmpiricalBayesianKriging
arcpy.EmpiricalBayesianKriging_ga(inPointFeatures, zField, outLayer, outRaster,
cellSize, transformation, maxLocalPoints, overlapFactor, numberSemivariograms,
searchNeighbourhood, outputType, quantileValue, thresholdType, probabilityThreshold,
semivariogram)

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ESRI (2019). Empirical Bayesian Kriging, Model Item, OpenGMS, https://geomodeling.njnu.edu.cn/modelItem/41dd37eb-6380-4dcb-ad92-db33eab4851d

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