冠层反射的简化模型
(1) Dymond和Qi (1997)将厚植被冠层的辐射模拟为三个函数的乘积:
式中，S(i,e) 是冠层中阳光照射的比例，不包括互遮蔽部分; 
是热点函数，针对冠层表面的互遮蔽性质对S(i,e)加以修正;而
是阳光照射的叶片的平均辐射。3个函数给为:
式中,i是入射角; e是出射角; 
是相角(由太阳、目标、观察者构成); 
分别是在入射方向和出射方向上的叶片投影面积; h是控制热点宽度的常数;w是二倍叶片反射率; E是太阳辐射通量密度。
(2)假设叶片的方位随机分布
，对可见光，辐射可表示为:
方程可推广到近红外光的多重散射情形:
式中，
k是参数。
参考文献
Dymond J R, Shepherd J D,Qi J:标准化光学卫星图像的植被反射的简化物理模型。Remote Sensing of Environment 2001,75
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