Quoted from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0166248108000251

  While geomorphometric grids are used to prepare input data for virtually all hydrologic models, fully spatial models make direct use of these grids. This chapter focuses on fully spatial models. A few representative examples of some highly developed spatial models are Mike SHE, gridded surface subsurface hydrologic analysis (GSSHA), CASC2D, PRMS, DHVSM, and TopoFlow. The main goal of this chapter is to discuss basic concepts that are common to virtually all spatial hydrologic models. Several key hydrologic processes and how they are typically incorporated into spatial models are discussed. Spatial hydrologic models integrate many branches of hydrology and there are many different approaches for modeling any given process, from simple to very complex. It aims to highlight the most fundamental concepts that are common between spatial models and to show how they incorporate geomorphometric grids. The chapter also discusses scale issues in spatial hydrologic modeling and provides a brief discussion of preprocessing tools that are typically needed in order to prepare required input data. It presents a simple case study in which a model called TopoFlow is used to simulate the hydrologic response of a small ungauged watershed in the Baranja Hill case study.

  HIS is an internet-based system for sharing hydrologic data. It is comprised of databases and servers, connected through web services, to client applications, allowing for the publication, discovery and access of data.