黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型

黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型

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Initial contribute: 2018-12-04

Authorship

  • 《资源环境数学模型手册》
    • :  
    岳天祥编著
    :  
    yue@lreis.ac.cn
    :  
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    ● Application-focused categoriesNatural-perspectiveLand regions
    ● Application-focused categoriesNatural-perspectiveSolid-earth regions
    ● Application-focused categoriesHuman-perspectiveDevelopment activities
    ● Application-focused categoriesIntegrated-perspectiveRegional scale

    Detailed Description

    Chinese {{currentDetailLanguage}} Chinese
    <div class="WordSection1" style="layout-grid: 15.6pt;"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体;">黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">洪水设计标准与工程投资</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不同频率下的洪峰流量<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 7.0pt; mso-text-raise: -7.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shapetype id="_x0000_t75" coordsize="21600,21600" o:spt="75" o:preferrelative="t" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" filled="f" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"></v:stroke> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"></v:f> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"></v:f> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"></v:f> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"></v:f> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"></v:f> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"></v:f> </v:formulas> <v:path o:extrusionok="f" gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect"></v:path> <o:lock v:ext="edit" aspectratio="t"></o:lock></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:16pt; height:19pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image001.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_0.jpg" width="21" height="25" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1025" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264280"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>模型：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_1" o:spid="_x0000_i1045" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:108pt;height:35.5pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image003.png" o:title="" cropbottom="34410f"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_1.jpg" width="144" height="47" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中，<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 6.0pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1026" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:20pt;height:18pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image005.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_2.jpg" width="27" height="24" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1026" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264281"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为设计洪峰模数；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 2.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1027" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:13pt;height:13pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image007.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_3.jpg" width="17" height="17" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1027" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264282"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为流域面积。</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo2;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">各频率<span class="GramE">下洪水</span>总量<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 7.0pt; mso-text-raise: -7.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1028" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17pt;height:19pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image009.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_4.jpg" width="23" height="25" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1028" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264283"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>模型：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_2" o:spid="_x0000_i1044" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:86.5pt;height:37pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image011.png" o:title="" cropbottom="32868f"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_5.jpg" width="115" height="49" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中，<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 2.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1029" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12pt;height:13pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image013.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_6.jpg" width="16" height="17" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1029" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264284"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为降雨径流量。</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">设计洪水标准与垮坝损失</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（1）<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">坝体决口损失<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 7.0pt; mso-text-raise: -7.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1030" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:17pt;height:19pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image015.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_7.jpg" width="23" height="25" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1030" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264285"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>模型：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_3" o:spid="_x0000_i1043" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:78pt;height:57pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image017.png" o:title="" cropbottom="15200f"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_8.jpg" width="104" height="76" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中，<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1031" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:10pt;height:14pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image019.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_9.jpg" width="13" height="19" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1031" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264286"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为决口断面宽度；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 2.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1032" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:11pt;height:13pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image021.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_10.jpg" width="15" height="17" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1032" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264287"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为淤地坝坝顶长度。</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">（2）<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">下游冲毁损失模型：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_4" o:spid="_x0000_i1042" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:132.5pt;height:89.5pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image023.png" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_11.jpg" width="177" height="119" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中，<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 7.0pt; mso-text-raise: -7.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1033" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:19pt;height:19pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image025.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_12.jpg" width="25" height="25" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1033" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264288"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为溃坝流量；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 6.0pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1034" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:15pt;height:18pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image027.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_13.jpg" width="20" height="24" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1034" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264289"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为考虑溃坝时决口可能的<span class="GramE">宽度与坝长</span>之比和<span class="GramE">出溢条件</span>的系数；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 6.0pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1035" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:12pt;height:18pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image029.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_14.jpg" width="16" height="24" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1035" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264290"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为在极限洪水位时上游水<span class="GramE">面线与坝坡面</span>接合长度；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 2.0pt; mso-text-raise: -2.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1036" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:14pt;height:13pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image031.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_15.jpg" width="19" height="17" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1036" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264291"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为溃坝前上下游水位差。</span></p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left: 21.0pt; text-indent: -21.0pt; mso-char-indent-count: 0; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3.<span style="font: 7.0pt 'Times New Roman';">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span></span><span style="font-family: 宋体;">适宜设计洪水标准的确定</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">不同设计洪水标准下的最小费用模型：</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;" align="center"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体; mso-no-proof: yes;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="图片_x0020_5" o:spid="_x0000_i1041" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:247.5pt;height:37pt; visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square'> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image033.png" o:title="" cropbottom="33417f"></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_16.jpg" width="330" height="49" /></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体;">式中，<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1037" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:45pt;height:14pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image035.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_17.jpg" width="60" height="19" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1037" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264292"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为投资经济效益标准系数；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1038" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:37pt;height:14pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image037.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_18.jpg" width="49" height="19" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1038" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264293"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为考虑到日常维修费用的系数；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1039" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:11pt;height:14pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image039.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_19.jpg" width="15" height="19" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1039" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264294"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为每种洪水设计标准下的建坝总投资；<span lang="EN-US"><span style="position: relative; top: 6.0pt; mso-text-raise: -6.0pt;"><!-- [if gte vml 1]><v:shape id="_x0000_i1040" type="#_x0000_t75" style='width:36pt;height:18pt' o:ole=""> <v:imagedata src="黄土地区修建淤地坝的洪水标准设计模型.files/image041.wmz" o:title=""></v:imagedata></v:shape><![endif]--><img src="../static/detailImage/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c/c288769d-0ab8-4f3e-87db-a51f0a40d93c_20.jpg" width="48" height="24" /></span><!-- [if gte mso 9]><xml> <o:OLEObject Type="Embed" ProgID="Equation.DSMT4" ShapeID="_x0000_i1040" DrawAspect="Content" ObjectID="_1596264295"> </o:OLEObject></xml><![endif]--></span>为各设计洪水标准下溃坝后所带来的经济损失。</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 宋体;">&nbsp;</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 宋体;">参考文献：</span></strong></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="font-size: 14px; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: 宋体;">黄国俊，蒋定生：黄土地区修建淤地坝的设计洪水标准。水土保持通报，<span lang="EN-US">1988,8</span>（<span lang="EN-US">2</span>）</span></p> </div>
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